Brainstorming and discussion -- Drawing and artwork -- Field trips -- Games -- Graphic organizers, semantic maps, and word webs -- Humor -- Manipulatives, experiments, labs, and models -- Metaphors, analogies, and similes -- Mnemonic devices -- Movement -- Music, rhythm, rhyme, and rap -- Project-based and problem-based instruction -- Reciprocal teaching and cooperative learning -- Role plays, drama, pantomimes, and charades -- Storytelling -- Technology -- Visualization and guided imagery -- Visuals -- Work study and apprenticeships -- Writing and journals.